Homeownership Rates by State in India: 2025 Insights

Rank	Region Name	Homeownership rates (%)
1	Bihar	96.7
2	Jharkhand	96.0
3	Uttar Pradesh	95.8
4	Madhya Pradesh	95.3
5	Rajasthan	94.5
6	Chhattisgarh	94.2
7	Odisha	94.0
8	Gujarat	93.5
9	Haryana	93.0
10	Assam	92.8
11	West Bengal	92.5
12	Punjab	92.0
13	Andhra Pradesh	91.5
14	Telangana	91.5
15	Himachal Pradesh	91.0
16	Jammu and Kashmir	90.5
17	Arunachal Pradesh	90.0
18	Manipur	89.5
19	Meghalaya	89.0
20	Mizoram	88.5
21	Nagaland	88.0
22	Tripura	87.5
23	Kerala	87.2
24	Karnataka	87.0
25	Maharashtra	86.5
26	Tamil Nadu	86.0
27	Uttarakhand	85.5
28	Delhi	69.0
29	Chandigarh	68.0
30	Puducherry	67.5
31	Goa	67.0
32	Sikkim	64.5
33	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	63.0
34	DNHDD	62.0
35	Lakshadweep	61.5
36	Ladakh	60.0

India’s homeownership statistics for 2025 illustrate strong cultural connections to property ownership, with a national average around 86 percent.

This revised table ranks all 36 states and union territories, featuring Kerala at 87.2 percent based on estimates from the 2011 Census and recent surveys.

States with a rural focus, such as Bihar, lead with 96.7 percent, while urban centers like Delhi lag behind at 69 percent.

These figures are derived from 2011 benchmarks, modified to account for urbanization, economic changes, and initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY).

The inclusion of Kerala emphasizes regional differences in the south, where high literacy rates and remittances support ownership despite urban challenges.

This examination explores regional factors, economic impacts, and policy effects, highlighting the tension between tradition and modernity in India’s housing narrative.

Top states with homeownership

Families throughout India regard their homes as emblems of safety and cultural heritage, which drives exceptionally high ownership rates.

In rural Bihar, leading the statistics at 96.7 percent, individuals construct basic dwellings on ancestral land, as low annual incomes around ₹50,000 render renting unfeasible.

Jharkhand, with a 96.0 percent ownership rate, and Uttar Pradesh at 95.8 percent reflect a similar trend; over 70 percent of rural inhabitants depend on informal land holdings, eliminating the need for bank loans.

According to the National Sample Survey Office’s 2022 findings, rural ownership remains stable at 94 percent, bolstered by the PMAY initiative that aims to provide over 2.5 crore homes by 2024 to the most impoverished families.

The central and northern states lead the rankings due to their agricultural focus and limited migration patterns.

Madhya Pradesh’s 95.3 percent ownership rate benefits from vast agricultural lands where tribal communities build homes despite facing title challenges that ultimately protect family claims.

In Rajasthan, with a 94.5 percent rate, communities gather near scarce water sources in permanent residences to withstand desert conditions.

Chhattisgarh and Odisha, with ownership rates of 94.2 percent and 94.0 percent respectively, draw resilience from mining and forestry, where self-constructed homes surpass those in the formal market.

These regions experience lower out-migration compared to the southern states, ensuring properties remain within families.

Government initiatives further enhance this situation; PMAY subsidies reaching up to ₹2.67 lakh have increased ownership by 1-2 percent in these areas since 2021.

Southern states struggles compared to Northern parts

Southern states exhibit subtle declines, merging prosperity with mobility. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana both stand at 91.5 percent, yet cities like Hyderabad see IT professionals choosing rentals amidst an 11 percent increase in prices.

Kerala’s recent entry at 87.2 percent highlights its distinct characteristics: a high literacy rate of 94 percent and NRI remittances surpassing $20 billion each year allow families to acquire spacious homes in rural areas, while urban Kochi experiences a surge in rental demand from returnees.

This figure slightly surpasses Karnataka’s 87.0 percent, where Bengaluru’s technology boom attracts millennials who rent in flourishing suburbs that have seen a 40 percent rise in costs since the pandemic.

Tamil Nadu, with a rate of 86.0 percent, benefits from Chennai’s industrial growth; 86 percent of residents express intentions to purchase, although urban ownership stagnates at 65 percent due to the migration from rural areas to cities.

Maharashtra’s 86.5 percent conceals the extremes of Mumbai, where the PMAY Urban initiative aims to add 1.2 crore units by 2025, resulting in a 2 percent increase in suburban property rates.

Urbanization diminishes ownership in this region; professionals earning between ₹10-15 lakh annually prefer the flexibility of renting over EMIs that consume 51 percent of their income.

Uttarakhand, with an 85.5 percent rate, balances tourism in the Himalayas with rural landholdings, although the constraints of the hills hinder new construction.

Homeownerships in Union Territories

Union territories reveal urban vulnerabilities. Delhi’s 69.0 percent struggles with an influx of 500,000 migrants each year overwhelming available housing; 15 percent of the population in slums assert informal claims amid ongoing evictions.

Chandigarh, at 68.0 percent, depends on allotments, yet young professionals often rent within its grid.

Puducherry and Goa, with rates of 67.5 percent and 67.0 percent respectively, confront rising coastal prices; Goa’s tourism drives locals away, with villas priced between ₹2-3 crore.

Northeastern regions like Sikkim, at 64.5 percent, face challenges due to terrain unsuitable for 75 percent of the land, according to 2023 surveys, relying on rentals in Gangtok.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands at 63.0 percent, DNHDD at 62.0 percent, Lakshadweep at 61.5 percent, and Ladakh at 60.0 percent experience isolation and harsh winters that inflate costs by 30 percent above normal levels, causing delays in PMAY projects following changes made in 2019.

What’s future looks like?

According to a Knight Frank survey from 2025, 80 percent of respondents prioritize ownership, with Chennai showing an 86 percent sentiment, bolstered by a 6.5 percent reduction in repo rates that facilitates loans.

However, the 71 percent intent of Gen Z is hindered by the instability of gig employment. While urban incomes increase to ₹3.5 lakh annually, a 9 percent rise in prices is anticipated in 2024, as reported by PropEquity, which pressures the middle class.

Kerala serves as a case in point: a 4 percent growth in Q1 2024 is linked to non-resident Indians (NRIs), yet urban rental prices are projected to rise by 7-9 percent according to NoBroker.

Source

• Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. (2024). Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana progress report. Government of India. https://pmaymis.gov.in/