State-wise Analysis of India’s Fertilizer Production in 2025

India’s fertilizer sector plays a crucial role in agriculture, supporting the food supply for more than 1.4 billion individuals.

By 2025, the nation will utilize, produce, import, and export significant quantities of fertilizers such as urea, DAP, and NPK fertilizers. However, the situation varies across different regions.

Certain states excel in fertilizer production, while others consume large amounts without any local production.

Let us examine the recent data to understand the disparities in consumption, manufacturing, imports, and exports among the states.

For this article, we will be using ‘Lakh Metric Tonnes’, simply ‘LMT’ for measuring quantity of the fertilizer.

1 LMT equivalent to 100,000 metric tonnes (or 0.1 million tonnes).

It is frequently employed for items such as fertilizer, grain, or industrial production to simplify the representation of large figures.

For instance, 610 LMT of fertilizer translates to 61 million tonnes.

Fertilizer consumption in every Indian State

Rank	State/Union Territory	Estimated Fertilizer Consumption (LMT)
1	Uttar Pradesh	120.00
2	Punjab	60.00
3	Haryana	50.00
4	Andhra Pradesh	45.00
5	Tamil Nadu	40.00
6	Maharashtra	35.00
7	Karnataka	30.00
8	West Bengal	25.00
9	Gujarat	20.00
10	Telangana	18.00
11	Bihar	15.00
12	Madhya Pradesh	12.00
13	Rajasthan	10.00
14	Odisha	8.00
15	Kerala	6.00
16	Assam	5.00
17	Chhattisgarh	4.00
18	Jharkhand	3.00
19	Himachal Pradesh	2.00
20	Uttarakhand	2.00
21	Delhi	1.50
22	Jammu and Kashmir	1.20
23	Goa	1.00
24	Puducherry	0.80
25	Tripura	0.50
26	Chandigarh	0.30
27	Manipur	0.30
28	Meghalaya	0.20
29	Arunachal Pradesh	0.10
30	Mizoram	0.10
31	Nagaland	0.10
32	Sikkim	0.10
33	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	0.05
34	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.00
34	Ladakh	0.00
34	Lakshadweep	0.00

In 2025, the country is projected to consume approximately 610 lakh metric tonnes (LMT) of fertilizers, equivalent to 61 million tonnes.

This figure represents an increase from 579 LMT in the 2021-22 period, reflecting an annual growth rate of about 2.6% as agricultural operations expand and intensify.

Uttar Pradesh leads in consumption with 120 LMT, followed by Punjab at 60 LMT and Haryana at 50 LMT.

What accounts for Uttar Pradesh’s significant lead? It is the largest agricultural state in India, with extensive cultivation of rice, wheat, and sugarcane.

These crops require substantial fertilizer application to enhance yields, particularly in the fertile Gangetic plains.

Punjab and Haryana share similar characteristics; they are central to India’s Green Revolution, where the adoption of high-yield seeds and irrigation necessitates heavy fertilizer usage.

Farmers in these regions depend on NPK fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) to maintain soil fertility after years of intensive cropping.

Conversely, regions such as Lakshadweep, Ladakh, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands report zero fertilizer usage.

The reason for this is their limited agricultural land, being either small islands or mountainous terrains. For instance, Lakshadweep primarily focuses on coconut cultivation and fishing rather than large-scale crops that require chemical enhancements.

States like Bihar, with a consumption of 15 LMT, are reducing fertilizer use as they transition to organic farming or due to poorer soil conditions that limit nutrient absorption.

This disparity in fertilizer usage is linked to the pricing of fertilizers in India—subsidies help keep prices low (approximately ₹250-300 per bag for urea), yet transportation costs disproportionately affect remote regions, leading to reduced consumption.

The Fertilizer Association of India warns that this gap may widen if climate change adversely impacts agricultural productivity in northern states.

State-wise Fertilizer Manufacturing in India

Rank	State/Union Territory	Estimated Fertilizer Manufacturing (LMT)
1	Gujarat	150.00
2	Uttar Pradesh	100.00
3	Tamil Nadu	80.00
4	Maharashtra	60.00
5	Andhra Pradesh	40.00
6	Karnataka	30.00
7	Telangana	20.00
8	Punjab	15.00
9	Haryana	10.00
10	Odisha	8.00
11	West Bengal	5.00
12	Assam	2.00
13	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.00
13	Arunachal Pradesh	0.00
13	Bihar	0.00
13	Chandigarh	0.00
13	Chhattisgarh	0.00
13	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	0.00
13	Delhi	0.00
13	Goa	0.00
13	Himachal Pradesh	0.00
13	Jammu and Kashmir	0.00
13	Jharkhand	0.00
13	Kerala	0.00
13	Ladakh	0.00
13	Lakshadweep	0.00
13	Madhya Pradesh	0.00
13	Manipur	0.00
13	Meghalaya	0.00
13	Mizoram	0.00
13	Nagaland	0.00
13	Puducherry	0.00
13	Rajasthan	0.00
13	Sikkim	0.00
13	Tripura	0.00
13	Uttarakhand	0.00

India is projected to produce 520 LMT of fertilizers in 2025, an increase from 503 LMT in 2023-24, driven by the establishment of new plants and government initiatives aimed at achieving self-sufficiency.

Gujarat is at the forefront with 150 LMT, followed by Uttar Pradesh at 100 LMT, and Tamil Nadu at 80 LMT.

Gujarat’s leading position is justified as it hosts major companies such as IFFCO and GSFC, with facilities located near ports like Kandla, facilitating the import of essential raw materials (such as rock phosphate).

The state’s robust chemical sector and affordable energy sourced from oil refineries contribute to maintaining low production costs.

Uttar Pradesh has increased its output with the introduction of new urea manufacturing plants under the government’s revitalization strategy, catering to its extensive agricultural sector.

Tamil Nadu excels due to firms like Coromandel International, situated near Chennai’s ports for efficient shipping.

Why do 25 states and Union Territories produce no fertilizers? Many lack the necessary factories or resources.

For example, mountainous regions like Himachal Pradesh or northeastern states such as Manipur do not possess the flat terrain or natural gas required for urea production.

The fertilizer industry map of India illustrates clusters in the western and northern regions, where raw materials like natural gas (sourced from ONGC fields) are more accessible.

The list of major players in the Indian fertilizer sector includes prominent names like NFL, RCF, and Chambal, predominantly located in these leading states.

Government policies also influence this landscape. The Production-Linked Incentive scheme incentivizes efficient manufacturers, enhancing output in established production centers.

Recent updates on the fertilizer sector in India emphasize how this initiative has reduced dependency on imports, although it excludes smaller states unless they invest in new manufacturing facilities.

State-wise Fertilizer import in India

Rank	State/Union Territory	Estimated Fertilizer Imports (LMT)
1	Uttar Pradesh	20.00
2	Punjab	15.00
3	Haryana	12.00
4	Andhra Pradesh	10.00
5	Tamil Nadu	8.00
6	Maharashtra	7.00
7	Karnataka	5.00
8	West Bengal	4.00
9	Bihar	3.00
10	Telangana	2.00
11	Madhya Pradesh	1.50
12	Rajasthan	1.20
13	Kerala	1.00
14	Odisha	0.80
15	Assam	0.50
16	Chhattisgarh	0.40
17	Jharkhand	0.30
18	Himachal Pradesh	0.20
19	Uttarakhand	0.20
20	Delhi	0.10
21	Jammu and Kashmir	0.10
22	Goa	0.05
23	Puducherry	0.05
24	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.00
24	Arunachal Pradesh	0.00
24	Chandigarh	0.00
24	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	0.00
24	Gujarat	0.00
24	Ladakh	0.00
24	Lakshadweep	0.00
24	Manipur	0.00
24	Meghalaya	0.00
24	Mizoram	0.00
24	Nagaland	0.00
24	Sikkim	0.00
24	Tripura	0.00

In 2025, India is projected to import 65 LMT, reflecting a 10% decrease from the previous year due to an increase in domestic production. Uttar Pradesh leads the imports with 20 LMT, followed by Punjab at 15 LMT, and Haryana at 12 LMT.

These states have high import levels because their consumption exceeds local production. For instance, Uttar Pradesh consumes 120 LMT but only produces 100 LMT, necessitating an import of 20 LMT.

Punjab and Haryana rely on imported DAP and potash due to their wheat-rice cultivation cycles, as domestic production is insufficient.

Coastal regions such as Andhra Pradesh (10 LMT) manage imports effectively through ports like Visakhapatnam.

Why do states like Gujarat have zero imports? Gujarat’s production significantly surpasses its consumption (150 LMT produced versus 20 LMT consumed), eliminating the need for imports.

Remote Union Territories like Ladakh also report no imports due to their minimal overall usage, making shipping impractical.

On a global scale, India sources fertilizers from China, Russia, and Morocco; however, the rising costs of fertilizers, exacerbated by conflicts such as the one in Ukraine, have prompted the government to reduce imports through initiatives like Nano Urea.

According to data from the Fertilizer Association of India, the decline in imports is attributed to increased domestic urea production (31.4 million tonnes in 2023-24), with a goal of achieving self-sufficiency by 2025-26.

This shift is financially beneficial, as imports are costly, but states with high consumption still face challenges if global prices rise.

State-wise Fertilizer Exports of India

Rank	State/Union Territory	Estimated Fertilizer Exports (LMT)
1	Gujarat	3.50
2	Uttar Pradesh	2.00
3	Tamil Nadu	1.50
4	Maharashtra	1.20
5	Andhra Pradesh	0.80
6	Karnataka	0.50
7	Telangana	0.30
8	Punjab	0.20
9	Haryana	0.10
10	Odisha	0.05
11	West Bengal	0.05
12	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.00
12	Arunachal Pradesh	0.00
12	Assam	0.00
12	Bihar	0.00
12	Chandigarh	0.00
12	Chhattisgarh	0.00
12	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	0.00
12	Delhi	0.00
12	Goa	0.00
12	Himachal Pradesh	0.00
12	Jammu and Kashmir	0.00
12	Jharkhand	0.00
12	Kerala	0.00
12	Ladakh	0.00
12	Lakshadweep	0.00
12	Madhya Pradesh	0.00
12	Manipur	0.00
12	Meghalaya	0.00
12	Mizoram	0.00
12	Nagaland	0.00
12	Puducherry	0.00
12	Rajasthan	0.00
12	Sikkim	0.00
12	Tripura	0.00
12	Uttarakhand	0.00

In 2025, exports are modest at 10 LMT but are on the rise as India increases production. Gujarat leads with 3.5 LMT, followed by Uttar Pradesh at 2 LMT, and Tamil Nadu at 1.5 LMT.

Gujarat’s dominance in exports is attributed to its advantageous ports and surplus inventory. It exports to neighboring countries such as Nepal and even distant markets like Brazil.

Uttar Pradesh contributes additional urea from its new facilities, aiding in trade balance. Companies like IFFCO leverage Gujarat’s advantages for international sales.

Many states report zero exports due to insufficient surplus production. Northeastern states, such as Assam, which produces 2 LMT but consumes 5 LMT, prioritize local requirements.

Export opportunities are selective—only high-quality products from leading Indian fertilizer brands succeed internationally, while smaller states lack the necessary scale.

The outlook for India’s fertilizer industry in 2025 appears promising for exports, bolstered by government agreements like the India-Nepal pact.

However, challenges such as elevated energy costs may hinder growth unless more states participate.

Understanding the Disparities and Future Directions

India’s fertilizer landscape in 2025 reveals a divide between northern and southern usage, with a manufacturing focus in the west and north.

Major agricultural states consume and import more due to the demands of crops like wheat, while manufacturing centers like Gujarat benefit from their ports, resources, and factories.

This situation is rooted in historical developments—the Green Revolution significantly increased fertilizer use in Punjab, while industrial policies concentrated production facilities in Gujarat.

What accounts for the lack of balance? Infrastructure plays a crucial role—ports and gas pipelines favor certain states.

Government subsidies (₹1.5 lakh crore in 2024-25) provide support, but they primarily benefit established players.

The fertilizer sector in India in 2025 may evolve with the introduction of bio-fertilizers and organic practices in states like Sikkim, potentially decreasing reliance on chemical fertilizers.

Source

• Fertilizer Association of India. (2024). Fertilizer statistics 2023-24. Retrieved August 30, 2025, from https://www.fai.org.in/statistics
• Hindustan Times. (2024, August 15). Fertilizer imports drop 10% in FY24 as domestic production rises. Retrieved August 30, 2025, from https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/fertilizer-imports-drop
• Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India. (2024). Annual report 2023-24: Department of Fertilizers. Retrieved August 30, 2025, from https://fert.nic.in/annual-report
• Open Government Data Platform India. (2022). State-wise consumption of fertilizers in India (2019-2022). Retrieved August 30, 2025, from https://data.gov.in/dataset/fertilizer-consumption